CCNP ROUTE

OSPF Lab 1 – a megoldás

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Tehát a feladatok:

  1. Routerek IP cím beállítása
  2. Area 0-ba hirdetés
  3. Loopbackek legyenek a RID-ek
  4. Loopbackek point-to-point network type-k legyenek
  5. Authentication: md5, pass: cisco
  6. Authentication: egész area-ra megadva md5

Ezek elég egyértelműek:

  • Routerek IP cím beállítása
  • Area 0-ba hirdetés
  • Loopbackek legyenek a RID-ek
  • Loopbackek point-to-point network type-k legyenek
R1>
R1>en
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int s0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.0.21.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#ip ospf 1 are
*Mar 1 00:27:26.803: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip ospf 1 area 0
*Mar 1 00:27:27.811: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip ospf 1 area 0
R1(config-if)#int s0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#ip ospf 1 a 0
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:27:45.519: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:27:46.527: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#^Z
R1#
*Mar 1 00:27:51.467: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#
*Mar 1 00:27:57.055: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down
R1#
*Mar 1 00:28:07.083: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int lo1
R1(config-if)#ip add 17
*Mar 1 00:29:08.431: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.17.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf net
R1(config-if)#ip ospf network pont
R1(config-if)#ip ospf network po
R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-p
R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R1(config-if)#^Z
R1#

 

R2>
R2>en
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#int s0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.0.21.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip ospf 1 a 0
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:31:47.247: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:31:48.255: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:31:48.747: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.21.1 on Serial0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R2(config-if)#int lo1
R2(config-if)#ip add 1
*Mar 1 00:31:55.331: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback1, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip add 172.18.1.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf net
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network poi
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-p
R2(config-if)#^Z
R2#
*Mar 1 00:32:10.855: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#

 

R3>en
R3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#int s0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 10.0.13.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#ip ospf 1 a 0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:32:58.347: %OSPF-4-NORTRID: OSPF process 1 failed to allocate unique router-id and cannot start
R3(config-if)#int s0/1
*Mar 1 00:33:02.027: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int s0/1
*Mar 1 00:33:03.031: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int s0/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 10.0.34.3 25
*Mar 1 00:33:16.987: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.21.1 on Serial0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R3(config-if)#ip add 10.0.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#ip ospf 1 a 0

R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#int lo1
R3(config-if)#ip
*Mar 1 00:33:39.587: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:33:40.751: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ip add 17
*Mar 1 00:33:41.575: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback1, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ip add 172.19.1.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#ip ospf net
R3(config-if)#ip ospf network po
R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-p
R3(config-if)#^Z
R3#
*Mar 1 00:33:55.383: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

 

R4>
R4>
R4>en
R4#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R4(config)#int s0/0
R4(config-if)#ip add 10.0.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#ip ospf 1 a
*Mar 1 00:34:59.791: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#ip ospf 1 a 0
R4(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:35:00.799: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#int lo1
R4(config-if)#ip ad
*Mar 1 00:35:09.527: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:35:10.387: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.13.3 on Serial0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R4(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#ip ospf net po
R4(config-if)#ip ospf net point-to-p
R4(config-if)#^Z
R4#
*Mar 1 00:35:36.543: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

 

Most hirdessük be a Loopback-eket OSPF-be (ezt lehetett volna előbb is természetesen):

 

R1#
R1#
R1#
R1#
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int lo1
R1(config-if)#ip ospf 1 a 0
R1(config-if)#^Z
R1#

R2#
R2#
R2#
R2#
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#int lo1
R2(config-if)#ip ospf 1 a 0
R2(config-if)#^Z
R2#

R3#
R3#
R3#
R3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#int lo1
R3(config-if)#ip ospf 1 a 0
R3(config-if)#^Z
R3#

R4#
R4#
R4#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R4(config)#int lo1
R4(config-if)#ip ospf 1 a 0
R4(config-if)#^Z
R4#

 

(Még egy megjegyzés: természetesen a router ospf 1 alatt a network paranccsal is meg lehetett volna csinálni a behirdetést.)

 

Nézzük meg a routing táblát, látszik -e minden route az OSPF-ben:

 

R1#sh ip route ospf
 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 172.16.1.0 [110/129] via 10.0.13.3, 00:02:37, Serial0/1
 172.19.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 172.19.1.0 [110/65] via 10.0.13.3, 00:02:47, Serial0/1
 172.18.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 172.18.1.0 [110/65] via 10.0.21.2, 00:02:57, Serial0/0
 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O 10.0.34.0 [110/128] via 10.0.13.3, 00:04:35, Serial0/1
R1#

R2#sh ip route ospf
 172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 172.17.1.0 [110/65] via 10.0.21.1, 00:03:00, Serial0/0
 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 172.16.1.0 [110/193] via 10.0.21.1, 00:02:30, Serial0/0
 172.19.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 172.19.1.0 [110/129] via 10.0.21.1, 00:02:40, Serial0/0
 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O 10.0.13.0 [110/128] via 10.0.21.1, 00:06:20, Serial0/0
O 10.0.34.0 [110/192] via 10.0.21.1, 00:04:28, Serial0/0

 

Minden route látszik. Leellenőriztem a neighborship-eket is, azok is rendben vannak.

 

 
R1#sh ip ospf ne
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
10.0.13.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:35 10.0.13.3 Serial0/1
10.0.21.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:38 10.0.21.2 Serial0/0
R1#

R2#sh ip ospf ne
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
10.0.21.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:33 10.0.21.1 Serial0/0
R2#

R3#sh ip ospf ne
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
10.0.34.4 0 FULL/ - 00:00:32 10.0.34.4 Serial0/1
10.0.21.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:34 10.0.13.1 Serial0/0
R3#

R4#sh ip ospf ne
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
10.0.13.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:38 10.0.34.3 Serial0/0
R4#

 

Mindenhol FULL/ – az állapot, ez rendben van, mivel point-to-point interface-eket használunk, és nincs DR/BDR ilyen esetben.

  • Loopbackek legyenek a RID-ek

Látható, hogy most a serial interface-k a router ID-k. Ez azért van, mert azokat konfiguráltam előbb, és már akkor rátettem az OSPF area 0-t, mikor a Loopbackeket nem húztam fel.

 

Állítsuk be a Loopback-eket kézzel RID-nek:

 

R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#roiu
R1(config-router)#ro
R1(config-router)#router-id ?
 A.B.C.D OSPF router-id in IP address format
R1(config-router)#router-id 172.17.1.1
Reload or use "clear ip ospf process" command, for this to take effect
R1#clear ip ospf process
Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: yes
R1#
*Mar 1 00:45:19.127: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.13.3 on Serial0/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
*Mar 1 00:45:19.135: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.21.2 on Serial0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
*Mar 1 00:45:19.959: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.13.3 on Serial0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
*Mar 1 00:45:19.983: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.21.2 on Serial0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

 

R2-n már az új RID-del kell látnunk R1-et:

 

R2#sh ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.17.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:34 10.0.21.1 Serial0/0

 

R2-R4-en is beállítom, ezeknek a konfigját most nem másolom ide.

  • Authentication: md5, pass: cisco
  • Authentication: egész area-ra megadva md5

Authentication-nél két lehetőség van:

  1. interface alatt állítok be mindent, mint az EIGRP-nél
  2. router ospf alatt állítom be az area hitelesítést. Ez jó, ha sok interface lóg egy area-ba. Ilyenkor már csak az md5 értéket kell interface alatt beírni. Ha eltérő hitelesítést használunk (pl. type 1-et [plain text] és a router ospf alatt más (mondjuk type 2 [message-digest] van, az interface alatt beírt érvényesül).
Az OSPF az EIGRP-vel ellentétben nem támogatja a key-chaint (update: IOS15-ben igen). Viszont lehet több key, ilyenkor minden Update minden kulccsal titkosításra és elküldésre kerül.

 

R2-n mutatom a konfigot.

 

R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#area 0 authen
R2(config-router)#area 0 authentication m
R2(config-router)#area 0 authentication message-digest
R2(config-router)#int s0/0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf mes
R2(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 cisco
R2(config-if)#^Z

 

Ugye, hogy nem is volt nehéz :-)?

 

A megoldott feladatot letölthetitek innen:

GNS3 – OSPF Lab 1 – solved

AUTHOR

Kuris Ferenc
Network Engineer

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